Per capita government spending on research and developm

The United States of America and scientific research. Hather GJ, Haynes W, Higdon R, Kolker N, Stewart EA, Arzberger P, Chain P, Field D, Franza BR, Lin B, Meyer F, Ozdemir V, Smith CV, van Belle G, Wooley J, Kolker E - PLoS ONE (2010) Bottom Line: We compared these indicators across three major population and economic regions: the US, the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China (China) over the past decade.This study's aim is to facilitate a serious discussion of key questions by the research community and federal policy makers.In particular, our results raise two questions with respect to: a) the increasing globalization of science: "What role is the US playing now, and what role will it play in the future of international science?"; and b) the ability to produce beneficial innovations for society: "How will the US continue to foster its strengths?" View Article: PubMed Central - PubMed Affiliation: Bioinformatics & High-throughput Analysis Laboratory, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. ABSTRACT To gauge the current commitment to scientific research in the United States of America (US), we compared federal research funding (FRF) with the US gross domestic product (GDP) and industry research spending during the past six decades. In order to address the recent globalization of scientific research, we also focused on four key indicators of research activities: research and development (R&D) funding, total science and engineering doctoral degrees, patents, and scientific publications. We compared these indicators across three major population and economic regions: the US, the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China (China) over the past decade. We discovered a number of interesting trends with direct relevance for science policy. The level of US FRF has varied between 0.2% and 0.6% of the GDP during the last six decades. Since the 1960s, the US FRF contribution has fallen from twice that of industrial research funding to roughly equal. Also, in the last two decades, the portion of the US government R&D spending devoted to research has increased. Although well below the US and the EU in overall funding, the current growth rate for R&D funding in China greatly exceeds that of both. Finally, the EU currently produces more science and engineering doctoral graduates and scientific publications than the US in absolute terms, but not per capita. This study's aim is to facilitate a serious discussion of key questions by the research community and federal policy makers. In particular, our results raise two questions with respect to: a) the increasing globalization of science: "What role is the US playing now, and what role will it play in the future of international science?"; and b) the ability to produce beneficial innovations for society: "How will the US continue to foster its strengths?" Show MeSH Major Research/economics/education/statistics & numerical data* Science/economics/education/statistics & numerical data* Minor Federal Government Industry/economics Research Support as Topic United States	© Copyright Policy Related In: Results - Collection Show All Figures getmorefigures.php?uid=PMC2922381&req=5 pone-0012203-g008: Per capita government spending on research and development in the US, the EU-27 and China.Federal government spending on R&D per person, in inflation adjusted dollars, from 1996 to 2007 for the US, the EU-27 and China. Per capita figures were divided by the population of the region. Mentions: Figure 7A shows absolute government R&D spending in the US, the EU-27 and China from 1996 to 2007. Currently, the US still has a higher level of R&D spending than the EU-27 and China. The same holds at a per capita level, as shown in Figure 8. Although R&D spending is much lower in China than in the US and the EU-27, their growth rate of spending relative to 2000 is much higher than the US or the EU-27 (Figure 7B). Figure 7C shows government R&D spending as a percent of GDP. Both the US and the EU-27 R&D budgets as fractions of their respective GDPs have been declining in recent years, while China's has held steady; however, China's recent GDP growth has been much greater than that of the US or the EU-27. Therefore, in absolute numbers, a constant fraction of the Chinese GDP is a substantial increase, in absolute terms, for China's FRF.

The United States of America and scientific research.

Hather GJ, Haynes W, Higdon R, Kolker N, Stewart EA, Arzberger P, Chain P, Field D, Franza BR, Lin B, Meyer F, Ozdemir V, Smith CV, van Belle G, Wooley J, Kolker E - PLoS ONE (2010)

Bottom Line: We compared these indicators across three major population and economic regions: the US, the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China (China) over the past decade.This study's aim is to facilitate a serious discussion of key questions by the research community and federal policy makers.In particular, our results raise two questions with respect to: a) the increasing globalization of science: "What role is the US playing now, and what role will it play in the future of international science?"; and b) the ability to produce beneficial innovations for society: "How will the US continue to foster its strengths?"

View Article: PubMed Central - PubMed

Affiliation: Bioinformatics & High-throughput Analysis Laboratory, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.

ABSTRACT

To gauge the current commitment to scientific research in the United States of America (US), we compared federal research funding (FRF) with the US gross domestic product (GDP) and industry research spending during the past six decades. In order to address the recent globalization of scientific research, we also focused on four key indicators of research activities: research and development (R&D) funding, total science and engineering doctoral degrees, patents, and scientific publications. We compared these indicators across three major population and economic regions: the US, the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China (China) over the past decade. We discovered a number of interesting trends with direct relevance for science policy. The level of US FRF has varied between 0.2% and 0.6% of the GDP during the last six decades. Since the 1960s, the US FRF contribution has fallen from twice that of industrial research funding to roughly equal. Also, in the last two decades, the portion of the US government R&D spending devoted to research has increased. Although well below the US and the EU in overall funding, the current growth rate for R&D funding in China greatly exceeds that of both. Finally, the EU currently produces more science and engineering doctoral graduates and scientific publications than the US in absolute terms, but not per capita. This study's aim is to facilitate a serious discussion of key questions by the research community and federal policy makers. In particular, our results raise two questions with respect to: a) the increasing globalization of science: "What role is the US playing now, and what role will it play in the future of international science?"; and b) the ability to produce beneficial innovations for society: "How will the US continue to foster its strengths?"

Show MeSH

Per capita government spending on research and development in the US, the EU-27 and China.Federal government spending on R&D per person, in inflation adjusted dollars, from 1996 to 2007 for the US, the EU-27 and China. Per capita figures were divided by the population of the region.

Related In: Results - Collection

Show All Figures

getmorefigures.php?uid=PMC2922381&req=5

pone-0012203-g008: Per capita government spending on research and development in the US, the EU-27 and China.Federal government spending on R&D per person, in inflation adjusted dollars, from 1996 to 2007 for the US, the EU-27 and China. Per capita figures were divided by the population of the region.

Mentions: Figure 7A shows absolute government R&D spending in the US, the EU-27 and China from 1996 to 2007. Currently, the US still has a higher level of R&D spending than the EU-27 and China. The same holds at a per capita level, as shown in Figure 8. Although R&D spending is much lower in China than in the US and the EU-27, their growth rate of spending relative to 2000 is much higher than the US or the EU-27 (Figure 7B). Figure 7C shows government R&D spending as a percent of GDP. Both the US and the EU-27 R&D budgets as fractions of their respective GDPs have been declining in recent years, while China's has held steady; however, China's recent GDP growth has been much greater than that of the US or the EU-27. Therefore, in absolute numbers, a constant fraction of the Chinese GDP is a substantial increase, in absolute terms, for China's FRF.