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![A partial packing diagram of the title compound [symmetry code: (i) 1-x, y+1/2, z]. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been omitted.](/imgs/rescaled137/2968779_e-65-0o862-fig2.png) | 2-Methyl-3-(5-methyl-2-thien-yl)-5-phenyl-perhydro-pyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole-4,6-dione. | Fap2: A partial packing diagram of the title compound [symmetry code: (i) 1-x, y+1/2, z]. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been omitted.Bottom Line: In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, the phenyl ring is oriented with respect to the thio-phene and succinimide rings at dihedral angles of 88.08 (3) and 57.81 (3)°, respectively; the dihedral angle between the thio-phene and succinimide... | Odabaşoğlu M, Ozkan H, Yıldırır Y, Büyükgüngör O - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2009) |
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 | Arterial branching within the confines of fractal L-system formalism. | Figure 6: The first three stages of the modified structure defined in where a subtree C is used as an axiom instead of the basic line step F. Production steps can be seen to proceed only in terms of C (not F), as illustrated chematically in the second and third stage....Bottom Line: The results suggest that parametric L-systems can be used to produce fractal tree structures but not with the variability in branching parameters observed in arterial trees.These parameters include the asymmetry ratio, the area ratio, branch diameters, and... | Zamir M - J. Gen. Physiol. (2001) |
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![Structure of degradable chain extender used by Skarja and Woodhouse [16,51].](/imgs/rescaled137/2790105_ijms-10-04223f1.png) | Recent advances in synthetic bioelastomers. | f1-ijms-10-04223: Structure of degradable chain extender used by Skarja and Woodhouse [16,51].Bottom Line: These bioelastomers involve biodegradable polyurethanes, polyphosphazenes, linear and crosslinked poly(ether/ester)s, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) copolymers, poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) and their copolymers, poly(polyol sebacate)s, poly(diol-citrates) and... | Shi R, Chen D, Liu Q, Wu Y, Xu X, Zhang L, et al. - Int J Mol Sci (2009) |
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 | Sophisticated framework between cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction based on p53 dynamics. | pone-0004795-g006: Simulation results for the Cytochrome C level time courses based upon DNA damage levels.Time course of Cytochrome C levels indicated there was a bifurcation that occurs when there is induction of apoptosis. The initial DNA damage levels, which are shown by...Bottom Line: When the p53 oscillation is observed, there is possibility that the cell implements the apoptosis induction.Moreover, in contrast to the cell cycle arrest system, the apoptosis induction system is responsible for safeguarding the system that suppresses malignant... | Hamada H, Tashima Y, Kisaka Y, Iwamoto K, et al. - PLoS ONE (2009) |
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 | Kinetic modeling and exploratory numerical simulation of chloroplastic starch degradation. | Figure 7: Variation in simulated steady state concentration of chloroplast stromal glucose with the β-amylase turnover number for starch hydrolysis. The dependence of the simulated chloroplastic glucose steady state concentration on β-amylase turnover number for starch...Bottom Line: Response coefficient norms show stromal maltopentaose and cytosolic glucosylated arabinogalactan to be the most and least globally sensitive metabolites, respectively, and β-amylase k(cat) and KM for starch to be the kinetic parameters with the largest aggregate... | Nag A, Lunacek M, Graf PA, Chang CH - BMC Syst Biol (2011) |
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 | Physical activity may facilitate diabetes prevention in adolescents. | f1: Glucose tolerance relative to total daily minutes spent in physical activity after adjustments for fat mass, sex, and race (significant at P = 0.026). d, day.Bottom Line: Physical activity was assessed over 8 days using accelerometry (counts per minute).In multiple linear regression analysis, K(g) was positively associated with total physical activity (TPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and 5-min bouts of MPA.Similarly,... | Thomas AS, Greene LF, Ard JD, Oster RA, Darnell BE, et al. - Diabetes Care (2008) |
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 | Beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase)--a stable and reliable protein in perilymph. | Figure 5: A: β-TP concentrations in CSF and different inner ear compartments from post-mortem examinations. 1 = scala tympani perilymph (59.0 ± 25.8; n=11); 2 = III. ventricle CSF (49.1 ± 17.7; n=17); 3 = third scala vestibuli perilymph specimen (86.6 ± 23.1; n=7);...Bottom Line: Specimens from post-mortem examinations revealed a mean concentration of 49.1 +/- 17.7 mg/l in CSF, 71.9 +/- 29.3 mg/l in perilymph and 68.0 +/- 21.7 mg/l in endolymph.There was no evidence of a circadian alteration of beta-TP in CSF or inner ear fluids.Our... | Michel O, Bamborschke S, Nekic M, Bachmann G - Ger Med Sci (2005) |
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 | Prone position and recruitment manoeuvre: the combined effect improves oxygenation. | Figure 3: Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the three recruitment maneuvers showing significant decrease in MAP. RM1: P = 0.008; RM2: P = 0.03; RM3: P = 0.01.Bottom Line: Plateau airway pressures decreased after each RM and over the entire PP period and significantly after RM3 (P = 0.02).Some reversible side effects such as significant blood arterial pressure variations were found when extended sighs were performed.In our study,... | Rival G, Patry C, Floret N, Navellou JC, Belle E, et al. - Crit Care (2011) |
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 | 6-(2-Methyl-phen-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phen-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thia-diazole. | Fap2: A partial packing diagram of the title compound [symmetry code: (') -x, -y, -z]. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.Bottom Line: The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.65 (4)°.These dimers are connected via a C-H⋯π contact between the 2-methyl-phenyl and trimethoxy-phenyl rings, and a π-π contact between the thia-diazole and trimethoxy-phenyl rings [interplanar... | Du H, Du H, An Y, Li S - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2008) |
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 | An algorithm for finding candidate synaptic sites in computer generated networks of neurons with realistic... | Figure 11: Directions of rotations around the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system.Bottom Line: Both experimentally reconstructed and model generated neurons are usually represented morphologically by piecewise-linear structures (line pieces or cylinders).Proximity tests are then performed on all pairs of line pieces from both axonal and dendritic branches.Applying... | van Pelt J, Carnell A, de Ridder S, Mansvelder HD, et al. - Front Comput Neurosci (2010) |
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 | An imperfect dopaminergic error signal can drive temporal-difference learning. | pcbi-1001133-g006: Change in strength of cortico-striatal synapses predicted by Eq. (8) as a function of the dopaminergic concentration assuming a conjunction of pre- and post-synaptic activity for (dashed line) and (solid line).For , the change from LTD to LTP occurs at ,...Bottom Line: However, as the phasic dopaminergic signal does not reproduce all the properties of the theoretical TD error, it is unclear whether it is capable of driving behavior adaptation in complex tasks.The predictions of our proposed plasticity dynamics are in good... | Potjans W, Diesmann M, Morrison A - PLoS Comput. Biol. (2011) |
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 | Integrin Targeted MR Imaging. | Figure 3: T2 relaxation curve. The decay of the magnitude of the transverse magnetization from an initial value. Adapted from reference 17 with permission.Bottom Line: Proper selection of targeting agents is critical for targeted MRI contrast agents to effectively bind to integrins for in vivo imaging.An overview of integrin targeted MR contrast agents based on small molecular and macromolecular Gd(III) complexes, lipid nanoparticles... | Tan M, Lu ZR - Theranostics (2011) |
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 | The diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases... | Fig3: Areas under ROC curves for CEA (0.7735), TIMP-1 (0.7469), CA 19-9 (0.5463), and MMP-9 (0.5183) in differentiation between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma patientsBottom Line: Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were determined by microparticle enzyme immunoassay.Serum levels of all proteins tested were significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy subjects.Additionally,... | Mroczko B, Groblewska M, Okulczyk B, Kedra B, et al. - Int J Colorectal Dis (2010) |
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 | CyberKnife radiosurgery in the treatment of complex skull base tumors: analysis of treatment planning... | Figure 4: Homogeneity index versus volume scatter plot with correlation analysis.Bottom Line: Treatments were fractionated to allow for safer delivery of radiation to both large tumors and tumors in close proximity to critical structures.The CyberKnife treatment planning system was capable of generating highly conformal and homogeneous plans for complex... | Collins SP, Coppa ND, Zhang Y, Collins BT, et al. - Radiat Oncol (2006) |
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 | Manifold learning for human population structure studies. | pone-0029901-g006: A. Three eigenvectors in the eigenspace of zero eigenvalue for the nonlinear dimensional mapping of all 14,397,437 SNPs of 179 individuals from four populations YRI, CEU, CHB and JPT mapped by the LLE using the allele frequency weighted genetic distance. The...Bottom Line: We observed that 25.1%, 44.9% and 21.4% of the common variants and 89.2%, 92.4% and 75.1% of the rare variants were the LLE-correlated markers in CEU, YRI and ASI, respectively.This showed that rare variants, which are often private to specific populations,... | Siu H, Jin L, Xiong M - PLoS ONE (2012) |
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 | Over-expression of adenosine deaminase in mouse podocytes does not reverse puromycin aminonucleoside... | Figure 5: Structure of adenosine, PAN and metabolites. Blue and red lettering indicate the structural differences between adenosine and PAN, and the changes induced by ADA action respectively. ADA, adenosine deaminase; XO, xanthine oxidase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.Bottom Line: Unfortunately, mice do not develop nephrotic syndrome in response to PAN, and we still lack a good mouse model of the disease in which the genetic tools necessary for further characterizing the pathophysiological pathway could be used.The effect of PAN on urinary... | Brideau G, Doucet A - BMC Nephrol (2010) |
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 | Effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in healthy subjects. | Figure 2: The mean (± SEM) incremental serum insulin concentration in fourteen healthy subjects after the OGTT with placebo capsules (reference) (black diamond) or C. longacapsules (black square). * = Significant difference between the responses to the reference and...Bottom Line: The change in insulin was significantly higher 30 min (P = 0.03) and 60 min (P = 0.041) after the OGTT including C. longa.The insulin AUCs were also significantly higher after the ingestion of C. longa, 15 (P = 0.048), 30 (P = 0.035), 90 (P = 0.03), and 120... | Wickenberg J, Ingemansson SL, Hlebowicz J - Nutr J (2010) |
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 | Low temperature lignocellulose pretreatment: effects and interactions of pretreatment pH are critical... | Figure 3: Enzymatic release and initial pH as responses to final pH. Total glucose (filled blue diamonds) and xylose (filled red squares) release as responses to final pH. Additionally, the initial pH is compared to the final pH by plotting initial pH of the acidic treatments...Bottom Line: Surface response models revealed significantly correlating interactions of the pretreatment pH and temperature on the enzymatic liberation of both glucose and xylose from pretreated, solid wheat straw.Alkaline pretreatments also solubilized most of the lignin.Pretreatment... | Pedersen M, Johansen KS, Meyer AS - Biotechnol Biofuels (2011) |
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 | Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of tamoxifen microemulsions. | fig1: Chemical structure of tamoxifen citrate.Bottom Line: They were made with acceptable and well-characterized excipients for all the routes of administration.Some of their properties, such as nanometric mean size and long stability shelf life, make them interesting drug delivery systems.These results encourage the... | Monteagudo E, Gándola Y, González L, Bregni C, et al. - J Drug Deliv (2012) |
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 | Photodegradable, Photoadaptable Hydrogels via Radical-Mediated Disulfide Fragmentation Reaction. | fig4: Mechanism of radical degradation and disulfide exchange within PEG hydrogels. Hash marks represent connections to the network. (a) Upon cleavage of the acyl phosphinate, a radical initiator fragment (in this case the phosphonate radical is shown) attacks a...Bottom Line: Upon exposure to light, photogenerated radicals initiate multiple fragmentation and disulfide exchange reactions, permitting and promoting photodeformation, photowelding, and photodegradation.This novel, but simple, approach to generate photoadaptable hydrogels... | Fairbanks BD, Singh SP, Bowman CN, Anseth KS - Macromolecules (2011) |
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