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 | Synthetic morphology using alternative inputs. | pone-0006946-g009: Model for how multiple projections were induced by AI-Ste4p and AI-Ste5p.Arrow diagram explaining multiple projections in (AI-Ste4p + AI-Ste5p) cells. The diagram combines the α-factor transcription pathway with the ability of Ste5p to make projections in...Bottom Line: We found a genetic manipulation (AI-Ste5p ste2Delta) that enhanced the formation of multiple projections.Further, we showed that overexpression of a membrane-targeted form of Ste5p alone could also induce multiple projections.Thus, we successfully re-engineered... | Tanaka H, Yi TM - PLoS ONE (2009) |
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 | Antioxidant activities of uyaku (lindera strychnifolia) leaf extract: a natural extract used in traditional... | Figure 3: Inhibitory effect of Uyaku leaf hot-water extract on NO generation. The data points represent 30 min after addition of NOC-7 (20 µM). The reproducibility was confirmed by two separate experiments.Bottom Line: Inhibitory effects were assessed using the following reagents: for nitric oxide (NO(.)), the Griess reagent; for (Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2))-induced lipid peroxidation, 2-thiobarbituric acid; for (Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2))-induced protein carbonyl, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.In... | Noda Y, Mori A - J Clin Biochem Nutr (2007) |
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 | Overexpression of a neural-specific rho family GTPase, cRac1B, selectively induces enhanced neuritogenesis... | Figure 5: Quantitative analysis of the effects of the overexpression of the N17-cRac1A and N17-cRac1B proteins on neuritogenesis. Cultures of retinal neurons transfected as described in Fig. 4 were used for the quantitation of the effects of the expression of the dominant-negative...Bottom Line: Overexpression of cRac1B induced an increment in the number of neurites per neuron, and dramatically increased neurite branching, whereas overexpression of the highly related and ubiquitous cRac1A GTPase did not evidently affect neuronal morphology.The specificity... | Albertinazzi C, Gilardelli D, Paris S, Longhi R, et al. - J. Cell Biol. (1998) |
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 | Burkholderia mallei expresses a unique lipopolysaccharide mixture that is a potent activator of human... | fig05: B. mallei LPS is a potent hTLR4 agonist. HEK 293-hTLR4/MD2-CD14 cells were stimulated with varying concentrations of B. mallei GM3773 (open squares) or E. coli O55:B5 (open circles) LPS following which the culture supernatants were assayed for IL-8 production....Bottom Line: To better understand the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the pathogenesis of these diseases, studies were initiated to characterize the structural and biological properties of lipid A moieties expressed by this organism.In addition, although devoid of hexa-acylated... | Brett PJ, Burtnick MN, Snyder DS, Shannon JG, et al. - Mol. Microbiol. (2006) |
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 | Purification and characterization of cysteine protease from germinating cotyledons of horse gram. | Figure 8: Thermal stability of CPRHG. Azocasein is the substrate for enzyme assay. The activity was expressed as per cent of activity at 10°C.Bottom Line: The enzyme is fairly stable toward pH and temperature.Immunoblot analysis shows that the enzyme synthesized as zymogen (preproenzyme with 81 kDa) and processed to a 40 kDa proenzyme which was further degraded to give 30 kDa active enzyme.It appears that the... | Jinka R, Ramakrishna V, Rao SK, Rao RP - BMC Biochem. (2009) |
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 | The effect of viewing eccentricity on enumeration. | pone-0020779-g003: Subitizing capacities as a function of viewing eccentricity were generally flat for unscaled (Experiment 1) and scaled (Experiment 2) stimulus sizes.Bottom Line: While we found that enumeration accuracy and precision decreased with increasing eccentricity, cortical magnification scaling of size neutralized the deleterious effects of increasing eccentricity.We found that size scaling did not affect subitizing capacities,... | Palomares M, Smith PR, Pitts CH, Carter BM - PLoS ONE (2011) |
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 | Inhibition of T cell and promotion of natural killer cell development by the dominant negative helix... | Figure 2: CD56+ cells generated in the FTOC from Id3 transduced CD34+ fetal liver cells are NK cells. (a) Id3- and control-transduced cells, incubated in an FTOC, were harvested 4 wk later, and expanded with a feeder cell mixture. Percentages of GFP+ cells were...Bottom Line: The natural dominant negative HLH factor Id3, which blocks transcriptional activity of a number of known bHLH factors, was expressed in CD34+ progenitor cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.In contrast, development into NK cells in an FTOC is enhanced.Our... | Heemskerk MH, Blom B, Nolan G, Stegmann AP, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (1997) |
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 | catena-Poly[[dichloridonickel(II)]-μ-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane]. | Fap1: The structure of (I), showing the atom labellinging scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. H atoms are represented as small spheres of arbitrary radii.Bottom Line: The title compound, [NiCl(2)(C(13)H(14)N(2))](n), is a one-dimensional polymer built up from alternating NiCl(2) units and bridging 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands.The Ni atom has a distorted tetra-hedral coordination formed by the Cl atoms and two N atoms... | Zhou CS, Zhang GC - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2008) |
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 | Antioxidant activities of uyaku (lindera strychnifolia) leaf extract: a natural extract used in traditional... | Figure 4: Inhibitory effect of Uyaku leaf hot-water extract on lipid peroxidation in linolenic acid. The data was obtained from six separate experiments.Bottom Line: Inhibitory effects were assessed using the following reagents: for nitric oxide (NO(.)), the Griess reagent; for (Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2))-induced lipid peroxidation, 2-thiobarbituric acid; for (Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2))-induced protein carbonyl, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.In... | Noda Y, Mori A - J Clin Biochem Nutr (2007) |
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 | A point mutation of Tyr-759 in interleukin 6 family cytokine receptor subunit gp130 causes autoimmune... | fig8: Lymphocytes are required for the development of arthritis. gp130F759/F759RAG-2+/− or RAG-2+/+ (white circles) (n = 16) and gp130F759/F759RAG-2−/− (black circles) (n = 15) mice were examined and scored monthly for severity of arthritis. Data represent...Bottom Line: The inhibitory effect of IL-6 on Fas ligand expression during activation-induced cell death (AICD) was augmented in gp130(F759/F759) T cells in a manner dependent on the tyrosine residues of gp130 required for signal transducer and activator of transcription... | Atsumi T, Ishihara K, Kamimura D, Ikushima H, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (2002) |
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 | What is life--and how do we search for it in other worlds? | pbio-0020302-g002: Comparison of Biogenic with Nonbiogenic Distributions of Organic MaterialNonbiological processes produce smooth distributions of organic material, illustrated here by the curve. Biology, in contrast selects and uses only a few distinct molecules, shown here...Bottom Line: Not Available. | McKay CP - PLoS Biol. (2004) |
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![NPC1 deficiency leads to the enlargement of late endosomes.The % of cytoplasmic volume occupied by late endosomes was determined by quantitative electron microscopy on U18666A treated late endosomes, NPC1 deficient CHO cells and fibroblast from an NPC1 patient [24] in comparison to their respective controls.](/imgs/rescaled137/1952175_pone.0000851.g003.png) | Late endosomal cholesterol accumulation leads to impaired intra-endosomal trafficking. | pone-0000851-g003: NPC1 deficiency leads to the enlargement of late endosomes.The % of cytoplasmic volume occupied by late endosomes was determined by quantitative electron microscopy on U18666A treated late endosomes, NPC1 deficient CHO cells and fibroblast from an NPC1 patient...Bottom Line: We here analyzed the effects of cholesterol accumulation in NPC cells, or as phenocopied by the drug U18666A, on late endosomes membrane organization and dynamics.Cholesterol accumulation did not lead to an increase in the raft to non-raft membrane ratio as... | Sobo K, Le Blanc I, Luyet PP, Fivaz M, Ferguson C, et al. - PLoS ONE (2007) |
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 | Diffusion-weighted MRI for verification of electroporation-based treatments. | Fig6: The ADC change over time for the 100 V (empty circle) and 200 V (filled circle) conditions. The ADC ratio is defined as the ADC of the EP region divided by the ADC of the control region in the contralateral hemisphere. Data are for one animal in each voltage...Bottom Line: The indication of successful EP is an instant plasma membrane permeabilization in the treated tissue.A noninvasive means of monitoring such a tissue reaction represents a great clinical benefit since, in case of target miss, retreatment can be performed immediately.We... | Mahmood F, Hansen RH, Agerholm-Larsen B, Jensen KS, et al. - J. Membr. Biol. (2011) |
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 | Rapid screening for entry inhibitors of highly pathogenic viruses under low-level biocontainment. | pone-0030538-g002: NiV multicycle replication using modified assay.Cells were transfected with plasmids encoding NiV G and F (triangles) and then infected with pseudotyped VSV. Transfected cells were also left uninfected as a control (squares). Additionally, control cells transfected...Bottom Line: We generated monoclonal antibodies against Nipah G by cDNA immunization in rats, and we showed that these antibodies neutralize both Nipah and Hendra live viruses.We then used these effective Henipavirus inhibitors to validate our screening strategy.Our proposed... | Talekar A, Pessi A, Glickman F, Sengupta U, et al. - PLoS ONE (2012) |
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 | Quantitative EEG findings in patients with acute, brief depression combined with other fluctuating psychiatric... | Figure 1: Delta amplitude in frontocentral temporal and parietooccipital regions. The difference is significant in the temporal region (p = 0.03), and tends to be significant in the frontocentral region (p = 0.08, Mann-Whitney U tests) (Table 3). Box-and whisker plot...Bottom Line: Sixteen patients with major depression served as controls.They also had significantly higher temporal QEEG delta amplitude and interhemispheric temporal delta asymmetry.Organic brain dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of patients with brief depressive... | Bjørk MH, Sand T, Bråthen G, Linaker OM, et al. - BMC Psychiatry (2008) |
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 | The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor kappaB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream... | Figure 1: hToll expression and induction of NF-κB. (A) Human monocytes were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for different periods of time and analyzed for their hToll mRNA content by Northern blotting. Two distinct transcripts specific for hToll are detected and induced...Bottom Line: The human homologue of Drosophila Toll (hToll) is a recently cloned receptor of the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily, and has been implicated in the activation of adaptive immunity.Signaling by hToll is shown to occur through sequential recruitment... | Muzio M, Natoli G, Saccani S, Levrero M, Mantovani A - J. Exp. Med. (1998) |
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![Domoic acid concentration in feces versus eosinophil count.Dashed green lines represent published reference thresholds [45]. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in eosinophil count (p<0.001), although none of the measured values were outside of established reference thresholds.](/imgs/rescaled137/3053359_pone.0017394.g006.png) | Concurrent exposure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to multiple algal toxins in Sarasota... | pone-0017394-g006: Domoic acid concentration in feces versus eosinophil count.Dashed green lines represent published reference thresholds [45]. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in eosinophil count (p<0.001), although none of the measured values...Bottom Line: Although no Pseudo-nitzschia bloom was identified the following year, DA was identified in seawater, fish, sediment, snails, and dolphins.DA concentrations in feces were positively correlated with hematologic parameters including an increase in total white... | Twiner MJ, Fire S, Schwacke L, Davidson L, et al. - PLoS ONE (2011) |
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 | Specification of reproductive meristems requires the combined function of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and floral... | fig6: A model for flower specification during Arabidopsis inflorescence development. It is proposed that STM-PNY/PNF dimers and the floral integrator complexes FT–FD and AGL24-SOC1 function to specify flower meristem identity. In this model, STM-PNY/PNF function...Bottom Line: In this study, experimental evidence demonstrates that the specification of flower and coflorescence meristems requires the combined activities of FT-FD and STM.FT and FD also regulate meristem maintenance during inflorescence development.Lastly, gene expression... | Smith HM, Ung N, Lal S, Courtier J - J. Exp. Bot. (2010) |
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 | Zoledronic acid treatment impairs protein geranyl-geranylation for biological effects in prostatic cells. | Figure 2: Effect of mevalonate-derived products on 20 μM zoledronate-induced inhibition of prostatic cell proliferation. At D0, cells were seeded into 96-well plates to obtain 80% confluence at D5 in control wells. At D1, and D3, cells were treated by vehicle or 20...Bottom Line: The inhibitory effect of ZOL on geranyl geranyl transferase I was checked biochemically.Whatever the cell line, 20 microM ZOL-induced inhibition was reversed by geranyl-geraniol (GGOH) but neither by farnesol nor mevalonate.We checked that in vitro ZOL did... | Goffinet M, Thoulouzan M, Pradines A, Lajoie-Mazenc I, et al. - BMC Cancer (2006) |
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