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 | The loci of evolution: how predictable is genetic evolution? | fig02: Cumulative number of coding mutations, cis-regulatory mutations and other types of mutations (gene amplification, gene loss, etc.) that have been identified over time as responsible for phenotypic evolution. Results are from data in Appendix 1. Note that the...Bottom Line: These patterns imply that the simple question "Do coding or cis-regulatory mutations cause more phenotypic evolution?" hides more interesting phenomena.Evolution in different kinds of populations and over different durations may result in selection of different... | Stern DL, Orgogozo V - Evolution (2008) |
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 | Chlorido[(E)-2-hydr-oxy-6-(isonicotinoyl-hydrazonometh-yl)phen-yl]mercury(II) monohydrate. | Fap1: The molecular structure of the title compound with displacement ellipsoids at the 30% probability level.Bottom Line: A benzene C and the azomethine N atom chelate the Hg(II) atoms with weak intra-molecular Hg⋯N bonding distances of 2.735 (3) and 2.739 (3) Å, respectively.The resulting five-membered metallacycles are nearly coplanar with the benzene rings [dihedral... | Bai SZ, Lou XH, Li HM, Shi H - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2009) |
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 | Homeostatic competition among T cells revealed by conditional inactivation of the mouse Cd4 gene. | fig6: Proliferation of CD4-deficient T cells after in vivo depletion of CD4-expressing cells. (A) dLck-hcre3778 Cd4lox/− mice were injected four times with 500 μg each of cytotoxic anti-CD4 antibody on days 0, 1, 2, and 6, while being fed BrdUrd continuously in...Bottom Line: Absence of CD4 impairs the efficiency of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in response to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presented peptides.We show that loss of CD4 decreases the steady-state proliferation of T cells as monitored by in vivo labeling... | Wang Q, Strong J, Killeen N - J. Exp. Med. (2001) |
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 | A multidirectional non-cell autonomous control and a genetic interaction restricting tobacco etch virus... | pone-0000985-g004: Rate of cell-cell movement of TEV-GUS in inoculated leaves of B149 and C24.Leaves from plants inoculated with TEV-GUS were harvested at time points indicated and infiltrated with the colorimetric substrate X-gluc. Foci diameter were measured microscopically...Bottom Line: Molecular genetic analysis and complementation analysis with three alleles of a previously published mutant lsp1 (loss of susceptibility to potyviruses) indicate a genetic interaction conferring haploinsufficiency between the B149 locus and certain alleles... | Gopalan S - PLoS ONE (2007) |
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 | Lack of effect of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms on indices of liver steatosis, lipid profile and insulin... | Figure 1: Carriers of APOC3 variant alleles (-482T, -455C or both) were compared with homozygous for the wild-type alleles at both SNPs (-482C and -455T alleles) for glucose and insulin measurements during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The study cohort underwent...Bottom Line: Also each SNP was analysed independently.No significant differences were found in ALT and AST levels and in the lipid profile between the two groups.Insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were similar in the two groups.We did not... | Sentinelli F, Romeo S, Maglio C, Incani M, et al. - Lipids Health Dis (2011) |
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 | Initial development and structure of biofilms on microbial fuel cell anodes. | Figure 6: Current generation (mA) vs Time (Hours) of Co-culture continuous experiment. Circle: G. sulfurreducens, Square: P. aeruginosa, Upright triangle: S. oneidensis, Upsidedown triangle: E. faecium and Diamond: C. acetobutylicumBottom Line: Closed circuit anode Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were considerably thinner compared to the open circuit anode (30 +/- 3 microm and 42 +/- 3 microm respectively), which is likely due to the higher energetic gain of soluble electron acceptors used.Power output... | Read ST, Dutta P, Bond PL, Keller J, Rabaey K - BMC Microbiol. (2010) |
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 | Activities of rifampin, Rifapentine and clarithromycin alone and in combination against mycobacterium... | pntd-0000933-g001: Reduction in footpad CFU counts with various treatment regimens.Mean CFU count from mouse footpads on the day after infection (Day1), the day of treatment initiation (D11), and after four weeks of: UT = no treatment, CLR = clarithromycin, RIF = rifampin,...Bottom Line: Except for CLR, which was bacteriostatic, treatment with all other drugs reduced CFU counts by approximately 2 or 3 log(10).However, in mice, co-administration with CLR resulted in a roughly 25% decrease in the maximal serum concentration (Cmax) and area under... | Almeida D, Converse PJ, Ahmad Z, Dooley KE, et al. - PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2011) |
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 | Allele-specific antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-2 and protection against... | fig02: Correlation between IgG antibody reactivity to MSP-2 type A and B antigens. Dashed lines indicate cut-off values for sero-positivity, while solid lines indicate cut-off values for high levels of antibodies. Pairwise correlation coefficient was 0·67, P <...Bottom Line: High levels of IgG/IgG3 antibodies to the FC27-like antigen were not significantly associated with a lower likelihood of clinical episodes caused by parasites bearing FC27-like compared to IC1-like alleles, and vice versa for IgG/IgG3 antibodies to the IC1-like... | Osier FH, Murungi LM, Fegan G, Tuju J, Tetteh KK, et al. - Parasite Immunol. (2010) |
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 | Bioimaging probes for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. | Figure 7: Structures of DAC compoundsBottom Line: Sensitive and specific detection methods for ROS and RNS in biological samples should be useful for elucidation of biological events both in vitro and in vivo.In this review, we recount some recent achievements in the field of small molecular fluorescent probes.First,... | Nagano T - J Clin Biochem Nutr (2009) |
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 | Molecular dissection of zyxin function reveals its involvement in cell motility. | Figure 6: Quantitative analysis of cell behavior after injection of the Zyx16-30 peptide. The change in position of the cell edge relative to its original position before injection is shown for representative individual cells injected with the Zyx16-30 peptide (closed...Bottom Line: These results support a role for zyxin in cell motility, and demonstrate that the correct positioning of zyxin within the cell is critical for its physiological function.Interestingly, the mislocalization of zyxin in the peptide-injected cells is accompanied... | Drees BE, Andrews KM, Beckerle MC - J. Cell Biol. (1999) |
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 | Natural enemy diversity reduces temporal variability in wasp but not bee parasitism. | Fig3: Relationship between temporal (between-month) variability (CV) of parasitism rate and temporal variability (CV) of parasite species richness (F1,13Â =Â 64.27, r2Â =Â 0.82, PÂ <Â 0.0001)Bottom Line: We found that parasitism rates of wasps and bees increased with increasing number of enemy species and decreased with increasing number of host species.Intensification of agroforests did not significantly affect species richness of hosts or enemies or their... | Veddeler D, Tylianakis J, Tscharntke T, Klein AM - Oecologia (2010) |
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