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Flourescence titration.Steady state fluorescence emission spectra of MtBPL in absence and presence of biotin. [BPL] = 2 µM, [biotin] = 50 µM. All spectra were obtained in standard buffer at 20°C. Representative (urine oral noncannulated) Semi-log Plot of ΔU/Δt versus Time midpoint, where Kel is elimination rate contant, Ke is excretion rate constant Helium concentration at the airway for two breaths of 100% helium after equilibration with 100% oxygen. HAI titers against mouse-adapted viruses.Week 5 serum HAI antibody responses were assessed against ma-NC/99 virus. Bars indicate geometric mean titer (GMT) +/− SEM. Histopathological examinations of Septavacc and control ponies.Evaluation was done using the scoring system described in Materials and Methods. Non-vaccinated (open symbols) and vaccinated (closed symbols) for individual ponies and median values are shown. Mann Whitney test was used to calculate significance.
Sensation and signaling of α-ketoglutarate by heterotrimeric forms of PII. Initial rates of GS adenylylation by ATase (AT activity) were measured as described in Materials and Methods. Conditions were 2.5 μM GS, 0.1 μM ATase, 0.5 mM [α-32P]ATP, PII heterotrimers with the concentration of wild-type subunits at 3 μM, and α-ketoglutarate as indicated: (●) heterotrimers containing one wild-type subunit and two Δ47−53 subunits and (◼) heterotrimers containing one wild-type subunit and two G89A subunits. Exacerbation of EAE after early BDNF deletion in bone marrow chimeric mice. Bone marrow chimeric mice were generated using either BDNFind−/− mice or control mice as recipients and wild type mice as donors (a) or vice versa using wild-type mice as recipients and either BDNFind−/− mice or control mice as donors (b). After immunization with MOG35–55, BDNF was deleted by tamoxifen treatment at days 7, 9 and 11 p.i. (arrows). The clinical course is shown with n = 4 for BDNFind−/− mice and n = 7 for Cre-negative littermate controls (a) and a data pool of two independent experiments with n = 9 for BDNFind−/− mice and n = 14 for Cre-negative littermate controls (b). Data are given as mean + SEM Reduction of γ-synuclein and leptin mRNA levels by short-term treatment with the PPARγ agonist GW1929 in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RNA from mature (12 d differentiated) 3T3-L1 adipocytes was isolated from cells exposed to various doses of the non-TZD GW1929 and relative transcript abundances measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Values are means ± SEM, n = 4 per dose. Transcript level in vehicle-treated cells was considered 1.0, P < 0.001, 1-way ANOVA; **P < 0.01, significantly different vs. 0 dose control expression. BAL/blood monocytic TREM-1 ratio. Ovalization
Pretreatment with bFGF inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis. (A) FH2 cells were pretreated with 100 ng/ml EGF, 100 ng/ml IGF or 10 ng/ml bFGF for 16 h, and then stimulated with 200 ng/ml agonistic anti-Fas mAb RK-8 for the indicated times. Cell viability was measured by amido black staining assay (see Materials and Methods). (B) Activation of MAPK in FH2 cells treated with EGF, IGF, or bFGF was detected by Western blotting with anti–phospho-MAPK antibody. Expression level of MAPK was confirmed by Western blotting with anti-MAPK antibody. (C and D) FH2 cells were pretreated with or without 10 ng/ml bFGF for 16 h and stimulated with anti-Fas mAb RK-8 for the indicated times. Activation of caspases in cell lysate was measured using the fluorescent substrate IETD-MCA and DEVD-MCA for caspase-8/6 (C) and caspase-3/7 (D), respectively. Assembly of full-length Sup35p into protein fibrils in the presence of cytosolic fractions from [PSI+] and [psi−] cells.Soluble Sup35p (7 µM) was incubated at 10°C in assembly buffer with no addition (solid circles) or containing 0.48 mg/ml of fraction 4 from [PSI+] (solid squares), or [psi−] (solid triangles) cells. The time course of Sup35p assembly in the presence of cytosolic fraction 6 from [PSI+] or [psi−] cells superimposes to that with no addition. Statistic analysis of the differences in fluorescence intensity between fractions was made using a Student T-test calculation. The P values were 0.03, 0.017 and 0.6 for fraction 4 [PSI+] versus fraction 6 [PSI+], fraction 4 [psi−] versus fraction 6 [PSI+] and fraction 4 [psi−] versus fraction 4 [PSI+] comparisons, respectively. (a) Uptake of folates over the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum. Synchronised HB3 cultures (initial 4% parasitaemia) were sampled every 7–9 h, cells spun down, washed with pABA/folate depleted medium and incubated at 37 °C in 1 ml RPMI1640 containing 10 ng/ml each of pABA and tritium-labelled folinic acid (squares) or 5-MeTHF (circles) before extraction and counting of labelled folate from saponin-freed parasites (left vertical axis). The number of infected erythrocytes per unit volume present at each time point is also shown (triangles; right vertical axis). (b) Temperature dependence of folinic acid transport into P. falciparum. Saponin-freed parasites were washed with culture medium devoid of folate/pABA, then incubated in PBS, 20 mM glucose, 38 nM 3H-folinic acid. Parasites and reagents were prewarmed separately to the desired temperature in a thermal gradient block, mixed to initiate uptake and incubated for 1 h, before harvesting the parasites and counting imported label. Zoledronic acid treatment improves mouse survival but does not reduce the number of metastases.(A) Kaplan-Meier survival plot of mice given an intra-arterial injection of RM1(BM) cells followed by treatment with the 100 µg/kg or 20 µg/kg zoledronic dosing regimens or vehicle only as described in Materials and Methods. The log rank test for trend indicates a trend of increased survival with increasing dose (p = 0.012), and a significant difference in survival between mice in the 100 µg/kg dose group vs vehicle control groups (p = 0.031, Kaplan-Meier followed by Breslow pair-wise comparison using SPSS 17.0). osgl-1(RNAi) mutants are hypersensitive to the EB induced mitochondrial DNA depletion. The ability of the eri-1, eri-1;osgl-1(RNAi) and eri-1; mtssb-1(RNAi) L1 larvae to grow and develop to adulthood on increasing concentration of EB was analyzed. The eri-1 L1 animals were grown on bacteria expressing dsRNA of osgl-1 or mtssb-1 genes or containing the empty RNAi vector only (asterisk). The percentage of L1 animals developing is indicated. The experiment was performed at 20°C. Each point corresponds to the analysis of n > 40 animals.
The relationship between average daily number deaths from all causes and average monthly temperature for the period 1996–2000. Epitope map of mAbs to GP Ibα. Schematic representation of the extracellular domain of GP Ibα. The GP Ibα mAbs employed were: AK2, AP1, VM16d, SZ2, and WM23. AK2 binds within the first leucine-rich repeat (amino acid residues 36–58). AP1 and VM16d bind to the COOH-terminal flanking and leucine-rich repeat region (201–268). SZ2 maps to the sulfated tyrosine residues encompassing amino acids 268–282 (reference 41). WM23 binds within the macroglycopeptide region of GP Ibα (reference 42). The effects of genetic draft on the trajectory of a neutral allele.(A) Simulated trajectory of a neutral allele affected by recurrent selective sweeps, from its origin on a single chromosome to fixation in the population. The population mutation and recombination parameters for this simulation are loosely based on estimates from D. melanogaster; the rate of adaptation, ν = 5×10−11, and strength of selection, Nes = 103, were taken from the high end of existing estimates. The allele spent the first ∼30,000 generations drifting around low frequencies (<5%). Then, at approximately the 30,000th generation, it increased sharply and rapidly in frequency (to ∼55%) because of linkage to a strongly advantageous mutation located approximately 80 kb away; it did not reach fixation, because of recombination during the ascent of the favored allele. Subsequent to this first, dramatic change in frequency, the mutant allele experienced three hitchhiking events that increased its frequency (selective sweeps 3 through 5) and one that decreased it (sweep 2). In (B) is a simulated trajectory of a neutral allele affected solely by genetic drift, for the same population parameters. Note the difference in the time scale of the two plots. Time dependent effects of co-administration of epinephrine and corticosterone on survival rates.Co-administration of epinephrine and corticosterone simultaneously with tumor injection (▪, n = 30) significantly decreased survival rates. Administration of the same drug combination, 2 (+, n = 26) or 6 (▴, n = 26) days after tumor injection, led to a smaller decrease in survival rates, becoming significantly lower than control (□, n = 34) when these groups were combined. Resolution of MOP stereoisomers on a chiral column.(A) Partially resolved enantiomers of MOP. (B) Random mixture of stereoisomers showing two clusters of well separated stereoisomers: erythro- and threo-MOP. (C) The pheromone isolated from egg rafts of Cx. quinquefasciatus showed the same retention time as the second peak in the erythro-MOP cluster, and is thus confirmed to be (5R,6S)-MOP. (D) The natural stereochemistry and (E) the configuration of the antipode were retained upon binding. (F) Competitive binding with the two enantiomers showed that CquiOBP1 has a higher affinity for the non-natural stereoisomer (first peak) than for natural stereoisomer, (5R,6S)-MOP (the second peak).
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