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 | What orthopaedic surgery residents need to know about the hand and wrist? | Figure 1: Sample question.Bottom Line: Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using histograms, a Modified Hotel ling's T2-statistic 1 with p-value determined by a permutation test, and the Benjamini-Hochberg/Yekutieli procedure131/156 (84%) orthopaedic surgeons participated in this... | Wadey VM, Ladd A, Dev P, Walker D - BMC Med Educ (2007) |
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 | Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent... | Figure 7: Chemotaxis of stable CXCR3 transfectants. 300-19 transfectants expressing CXCR3 (clone MLRA-A5) were challenged with I-TAC (squares), HuMig (circles), and IP-10 (diamonds). Chemotaxis was done as previously described (15). The incubation time for chemotaxis...Bottom Line: I-TAC interacts selectively with CXCR3, which is the receptor for two other IFN-inducible chemokines, the IFN-gamma-inducible 10-kD protein (IP-10) and IFN-gamma- induced human monokine (HuMig), but with a significantly higher affinity.Stimulation of astrocytes... | Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, Ogborne KT, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (1998) |
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 | Preparation of nucleosides derived from 2-nitroimidazole and D-arabinose, D-ribose, and D-galactose by... | sch2: Synthesis of Hexaethyldisilazane and Its Use for the Triethylsilylation of 2-NitroimidazoleBottom Line: The Ξ±-anomer was formed in the former case and the Ξ²-anomers in the latter two cases (highly) selectively.When D-arabinose and D-ribose were silylated with tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride in pyridine at the hydroxyl groups at C-5 and acetylated at the other... | Schweifer A, Hammerschmidt F - J. Org. Chem. (2011) |
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 | Mao-to Prolongs the Survival of and Reduces TNF-alpha Expression in Mice with Viral Myocarditis. | Figure 2: Survival in mice after viral inoculation. survival was significantly (P < 0.01) improved in the group C as compared with mice in groups A, B or D. Group A: administered with 0.1 ml saline starting on day 0 to day 6, group B: administered with 0.1 ml Mao-to...Bottom Line: Survival rate of group C (36.4%) was significantly improved compared with group A, B or D (0% of each, P < 0.05).Cardiac expression in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly reduced in group C in comparison with group A, B or D on day 6 by... | Shijie Z, Moriya J, Yamakawa J, Chen R, Takahashi T, et al. - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2008) |
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 | Critical structural and functional roles for the N-terminal insertion sequence in surfactant protein... | pone-0008672-g002: Primary sequences and disulfide bonding patterns for Super Mini-B (S-MB) and Mini-B (MB).Panel A: S-MB (41 amino-acid residues; 1-letter amino-acid notation), with Phe-1, Cys-8 and Ser-41 indicated. Panel B: MB (34 residues), with its numbering based on the...Bottom Line: Earlier structural studies with Mini-B, a disulfide-linked construct based on the N- and C-terminal regions of SP-B (i.e., approximately residues 8-25 and 63-78), confirmed that these neighboring domains are helical; moreover, Mini-B retains critical in vitro... | Walther FJ, Waring AJ, Hernandez-Juviel JM, et al. - PLoS ONE (2010) |
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 | The effect of pyramiding Phytophthora infestans resistance genes R Pi-mcd1 and R Pi-ber in potato. | Fig2: Pedigree of pyramiding population RH03-424 which combines none, either or both the Rpi-genes from Solanum microdontum and S. berthaultiiBottom Line: The group with R(Pi-mcd1) showed a significant delay to reach 50% infection of the leaf area of 3 days.The resistance level in the pyramid group suggested an additive effect of R (Pi-mcd1) with R(Pi-ber).This suggests that potato breeding can benefit from combining... | Tan MY, Hutten RC, Visser RG, van Eck HJ - Theor. Appl. Genet. (2010) |
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 | Cancer therapy and cardiotoxicity: the need of serial Doppler echocardiography. | Figure 1: Schematic view of the time course of CT-related cardiotoxicity. CT = cancer therapy.Bottom Line: Serial Doppler echocardiographic evaluation has to be encouraged in the oncologic patients, before, during and even late after therapy completion.This is crucial when using anthracyclines, which have early but, most importantly, late, cumulative cardiac toxicity.The... | Galderisi M, Marra F, Esposito R, Lomoriello VS, et al. - Cardiovasc Ultrasound (2007) |
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 | Left-right asymmetry defect in the hippocampal circuitry impairs spatial learning and working memory... | pone-0015468-g005: Acquisition of the delayed nonmatching-to-position (DNMTP) in iv/iv and iv/+ mice.During DNTP training with a 0-s programmed delay interval, both iv/iv and iv/+ mice acquired the task equally fast.Bottom Line: The iv mice improved dry maze performance more slowly than control mice during acquisition, whereas the asymptotic level of performance was similar between the two groups.In the DNMTP task, the iv mice showed poorer accuracy than control mice as the retention... | Goto K, Kurashima R, Gokan H, Inoue N, Ito I, et al. - PLoS ONE (2010) |
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![(A) Vβ13.2 usage is associated with cross-recognition of FL8 variants at P5 The FACS plot has been gated on FL8-specific CD8+ T cells from two donors (005 [left] and 046 [right]) with mixed populations of Vβ13.2 positive and negative FL8-specific cells, and shows intracytoplasmic staining for interferon γ (x axis) following 6 h of stimulation with the index FL8 peptide (top panels) and the Q5 variant peptide in relation to Vβ13.2 staining (y axis). The figures show the proportion of cells in each quadrant. (B) CTL clones expressing the Vβ13.2 TCR show broad cross-reactivity against FL8 peptide variants. A panel of FL8-specific CTL clones from long-term surviving donors 005, 046, 065, and 200 are tested for recognition of HLAâB8 matched 51-chromium labeled target cells pulsed with either the index FL8 peptide or a panel of three variant peptides with naturally occurring substitutions at position 5 (Q5, T5, and M5) in a 4-h cytotoxicity assay. Four of the clones express Vβ13.2 and the fifth (046â3) does not. The clones are used at an effector to target ratio of 3:1 and the target cells have been pulsed with 0.25 μM peptide before use in the assay. (C) Peptide titrations show distinct patterns of recognition by CTL clones according to TCR usage CTL clones generated from donor 046, using either Vβ13.2 (square symbols) or a non-Vβ13.2 TCR (triangles), are tested for recognition of target cells pulsed with varying concentrations of either the index FL8 peptide or the Q5 variant. (D) Cells pulsed with the variant peptide make less stable targets for CTL lysis than do cells pulsed with the index peptide. Target cells expressing HLAâB8 were pulsed with either the index or the Q5 variant peptide for 1 h and then residual peptide was thoroughly washed off. The target cells were harvested at intervals as shown, labeled with chromium, and used in conventional CTL assays with an FL8-specific CTL clone.](/imgs/rescaled137/2212004_20032044f3d.png) | HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells from long-term survivors select a unique T cell receptor. | fig3: (A) VΞ²13.2 usage is associated with cross-recognition of FL8 variants at P5 The FACS plot has been gated on FL8-specific CD8+ T cells from two donors (005 [left] and 046 [right]) with mixed populations of VΞ²13.2 positive and negative FL8-specific cells, and...Bottom Line: CTL expressing Vbeta13.2 TCRs tolerate naturally arising viral variants in the FL8 epitope that escape recognition by other CTL.In addition, they expand efficiently in vitro and are resistant to apoptosis, in contrast to FL8-specific CTL using other TCRs.Selection... | Dong T, Stewart-Jones G, Chen N, Easterbrook P, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (2004) |
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 | Whole brain size and general mental ability: a review. | fig6: Average encephalization quotient (EQ; natural log), a measure of neural tissue corrected by body size, plotted against elapsed geologic time in millions of years. (After Russell, 1983).Bottom Line: In 6 samples using the method of correlated vectors to distill g, the general factor of mental ability, the mean r is 0.63.We also describe the brain size/GMA correlations with age, socioeconomic position, sex, and ancestral population groups, which also provide... | Rushton JP, Ankney CD - Int. J. Neurosci. (2009) |
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 | Pulmonary vascular permeability changes in an ovine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus... | Figure 1: White blood cell count in control and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis groups. Data are expressed as mean Β± standard error of the mean. β p < 0.05 versus control.Bottom Line: Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of sepsis, associated with lung transvascular fluid flux and pulmonary dysfunction in septic patients.We tested the hypothesis that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis following smoke inhalation increases... | Jonkam CC, Bansal K, Traber DL, Hamahata A, et al. - Crit Care (2009) |
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 | 6,7-Dihydro-4-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)-3-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile. | Fap1: Molecular structure of the title compound with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level.Bottom Line: In the title compound, C(21)H(16)N(4)O(2), the dihedral angle between the meth-oxy-substituted benzene ring and the ring system formed by the pyridinone ring and the pyrazole ring is 57.4β
(1)Β°, and that between the unsubstituted phenyl ring and the ring... | Zhang XY, Li XY, Wang X, Li DF, Fan XS - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2008) |
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 | N'-Cyclo-hexyl-idene-2-hydroxy-benzo-hydrazide. | Fap1: The molecular structure of (I) with the atomic numbering scheme and 30% probability displacement ellipsoids.Bottom Line: In the title mol-ecule, C(13)H(16)N(2)O(2), the cyclo-hexyl-idene ring adopts a chair conformation.The intra-molecular N-Hβ―O hydrogen bond influences the mol-ecular conformation: the benzene ring and the mean plane of the central C(O)NHN fragment form a dihedral... | Liu D - Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online (2009) |
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 | The effect of osmolytes and small molecule on Quadruplex-WC duplex equilibrium: a fluorescence resonance... | fig6: Opening up of the quadruplex-K+ (30 nM) at 20Β°C upon addition of equimolar concentration of C-strand measured in 50 mM MES buffer, pH 7 containing 100mM KCl in the presence of different concentrations of (a) ethylene glycol and (b) glycerol. Concentrations...Bottom Line: The presence of osmolytes and cationic porphyrin decreased the binding affinity of quadruplex to its complementary strand and slowed the kinetics of the reaction by delaying the hybridization process.In 100 mM KCl solution, when 30 nM of each of the components,... | Kumar N, Maiti S - Nucleic Acids Res. (2005) |
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 | Primary rhinoplasty: An Indian perspective. | Figure 0018: A - The osteotomies serve to close the βopen roofβ in cases of hump reduction, by shifting the upper portion of the nasal walls medially. B β The purpose of osteotomies in a typical nose is to bring the lower portion of the nasal walls medially, so as...Bottom Line: An ill-defined nose with lack of projection and broad osteocartilagenous framework is the commonest problem.A large number of patients require narrowing of the framework by osteotomies, alar wedge resection, and augmentation by a suitable fill, preferably a... | Bhat U, Patel B - Indian J Plast Surg (2008) |
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![Kinetics of CPO catalyzed peroxidation of ABTS obtained by varying the ABTS concentration, at constant peroxide.Initial conditions- pH 3.5, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 30°C, [CPO]â=â20 nM.](/imgs/rescaled137/2871781_pone.0010601.g002.png) | Explaining the atypical reaction profiles of heme enzymes with a novel mechanistic hypothesis and kinetic... | pone-0010601-g002: Kinetics of CPO catalyzed peroxidation of ABTS obtained by varying the ABTS concentration, at constant peroxide.Initial conditions- pH 3.5, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 30Β°C, [CPO]β=β20 nM.Bottom Line: A structural counterpart, found in mammalian microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), uses molecular oxygen plus NADPH for the oxidative metabolism (predominantly hydroxylation) of substrate in conjunction with a redox partner enzyme, cytochrome P450 reductase.With... | Manoj KM, Baburaj A, Ephraim B, Pappachan F, et al. - PLoS ONE (2010) |
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 | Efficient construction of an assembly string graph using the FM-index. | Figure 1: Diagram of a simple string graph. Three overlapping reads (R1, R2, R3) are shown in (A). (B) shows the string graph constructed from the overlaps between the reads. The arrowheads pointing into the nodes depict an edge of type B and arrowheads pointing away...Bottom Line: As well as an approach that finds all overlaps then implements transitive reduction to produce a string graph, we show how to output directly only the irreducible overlaps, significantly shrinking memory requirements and reducing compute time to O(N), independent... | Simpson JT, Durbin R - Bioinformatics (2010) |
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 | Identification of "pathologs" (disease-related genes) from the RIKEN mouse cDNA dataset... | Figure 2: Flow chart of method used to classify "pathologs". To identify pathologs that correspond to already known mouse orthologs or potential new orthologs, cDNA sequences were compared to known human sequences and conservation of synteny assessed using...Bottom Line: These pathologs were related to neoplastic (53%), hereditary (24%), immunological (5%), cardio-vascular (4%), or other (14%), disorders.Large scale genome projects continue to produce a vast amount of data with potential application to the study of human disease.For... | Silva DG, SchΓΆnbach C, Brusic V, Socha LA, et al. - BMC Genomics (2004) |
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 | Selective recruitment of regulatory T cell through CCR6-CCL20 in hepatocellular carcinoma fosters tumor... | pone-0024671-g006: Accumulation of tumor Treg cells predicts poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.The cumulative overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Patients...Bottom Line: Our results showed that FoxP3(+) Tregs highly aggregated and were in an activated phenotype (CD69(+)HLA-DR(high)) in the tumor site, where they can suppress the proliferation and INF-Ξ³ secretion of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells.In addition, we found that the number... | Chen KJ, Lin SZ, Zhou L, Xie HY, Zhou WH, et al. - PLoS ONE (2011) |
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 | Intron Evolution and Information processing in the DNA polymerase alpha gene in spirotrichous ciliates:... | Figure 1: Different layers of DNA and RNA processing in ciliates. A schematic drawing of how germline (micronucleus) information is passed to soma (macronucleus). Genes, or macronuclear destined sequences (MDSs, large white open boxes), in micronuclear DNA are separated...Bottom Line: Only a few conserved motifs have been found in the flanking DNA.Moreover, comparing subtelomeric regions of 1,356 end-sequenced somatic chromosomes failed to identify more putatively conserved motifs.We sequenced and compared DNA and RNA versions of the DNA... | Chang WJ, Addis VM, Li AJ, Axelsson E, Ardell DH, et al. - Biol. Direct (2007) |
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