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 | A multidirectional non-cell autonomous control and a genetic interaction restricting tobacco etch virus... | pone-0000985-g004: Rate of cell-cell movement of TEV-GUS in inoculated leaves of B149 and C24.Leaves from plants inoculated with TEV-GUS were harvested at time points indicated and infiltrated with the colorimetric substrate X-gluc. Foci diameter were measured microscopically...Bottom Line: Molecular genetic analysis and complementation analysis with three alleles of a previously published mutant lsp1 (loss of susceptibility to potyviruses) indicate a genetic interaction conferring haploinsufficiency between the B149 locus and certain alleles... | Gopalan S - PLoS ONE (2007) |
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 | Restriction of secretory granule motion near the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells. | Figure 9: Histograms of step sizes. (A) For each granule that could be tracked for at least five consecutive frames (997 granules from 12 cells), <(ホ配)2> was computed from an average of each interframe step size for that granule, and then allocated into bins of...Bottom Line: The z-direction diffusion coefficients of granules decrease continuously by two orders of magnitude within less than a granule diameter of the PM as granules approach the PM.Transient expression of the light chains of tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin A did... | Johns LM, Levitan ES, Shelden EA, Holz RW, et al. - J. Cell Biol. (2001) |
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 | Disturbance of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway and systemic inflammation in COPD patients with emphysema and... | Figure 1: Relationship between the average BMD of lumbar spine bones and bilateral femoral necks. The average BMD of femoral neck showed a good correlation with lumbar vertebra (Average BMD of lumbar spine bones = 0.718 テ Average BMD of bilateral femoral necks +336.46;r...Bottom Line: The level of IL-1ホイ was significantly higher in the COPD patients as compared to the normal controls (p < 0.05), but the difference between the two COPD groups did not reach significance.The level of RANKL and the RANKL/OPG ratio were significantly higher in... | Bai P, Sun Y, Jin J, Hou J, Li R, Zhang Q, et al. - Respir. Res. (2011) |
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 | Image-derived input function in dynamic human PET/CT: methodology and validation with 11C-acetate and... | Fig2: Correlation between FWHM measured in the PET images using an activity profile across the centre of the syringes and the actual diameter of the static arterial phantom syringes. Lines represent the fits: for the 18F-FDG brain imaging protocol with 2-mm voxels...Bottom Line: A one-way repeated measures (ANOVA) and Tukey's test showed a statistically significant difference for the IDIF not corrected for RC (p<0.0001).Finally, in the brain imaging study with (18)F-FDG, the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) measured using... | Croteau E, Lavallテゥe E, Labbe SM, Hubert L, et al. - Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging (2010) |
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 | Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula Retzius... | fig1: H2O2 induced a dose-dependent viability loss in PC12 cells. *P < .01 versus control (0窶火シM).Bottom Line: Pyrogallol-luminol assay showed the 95% ethanol extract to have good antioxidant activity.The methanol and water extracts presented neuroprotective activities on H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cell death at 0.5-5.0窶火シg/mL.Further investigations are necessary to verify... | Chang CL, Lin CS - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2011) |
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 | Positive selection of extrathymically developed T cells by self-antigens. | Figure 1: (A) Development of H-Y antigen窶都pecific T cells in male or female thymectomized mice. C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) with or without adult thymectomy (ATX窶) were lethally irradiated (11 Gy) and injected intravenously with 5 テ 106 T cell窶 depleted bone marrow...Bottom Line: They rapidly produced interferon gamma but not IL-4 after TCR cross-linking.Furthermore, a similar pattern of cytokine production was observed in CD3(int)IL-2Rbeta+NK1.1(-) cells in normal mice which have been shown to develop extrathymically.These results... | Yamada H, Ninomiya T, Hashimoto A, Tamada K, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (1998) |
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 | Effect of bioadhesion on initial in vitro buoyancy of effervescent floating matrix tablets of ciprofloxacin... | Figure 4: Swelling patterns of matrix tablets with change in SB concentration (mean ツア SD, n = 3)Bottom Line: A modified buoyancy lag time for tablets was determined in order to include the effect of bioadhesion on initial buoyancy.The initial buoyancy was found depended on bioadhesion ability of tablets.The floating duration was also found dependent on concentration... | Negi JS, Trivedi A, Khanduri P, Negi V, Kasliwal N - J Adv Pharm Technol Res (2011) |
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 | PED/PEA-15 controls fibroblast motility and wound closure by ERK1/2-dependent mechanisms. | fig10: Schematic representation of PED/PEA-15 effect on cytoskeletal organization and cell motility. Many growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and other extracellular signals induce ERK1/2 activation and translocation from cytosol (Cyt-ERK1/2) to nucleus...Bottom Line: Cultured skin fibroblasts isolated from TgPED mice showed a significant reduction in the ability to recolonize wounded area during scratch assay, compared to control fibroblasts.These changes were accompanied by reduced spreading and decreased formation of... | Buonomo R, Giacco F, Vasaturo A, Caserta S, et al. - J. Cell. Physiol. (2012) |
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 | Cryothermal energy ablation of cardiac arrhythmias 2005: state of the art. | Figure 1: Scheme of cryoablation system. The steerable catheter and the console are connected by: 1) a coaxial cable, used both to deliver fluid nitrous oxide to the catheter and to remove separately the gas from the catheter; 2) electrical cable, which is connected...Bottom Line: In fact, it allows testing in a reversible way the effects of energy application at higher temperature, before producing a permanent lesion at -75 degrees C.Nevertheless, for the above mentioned peculiarities, cryothermal ablation has proved very effective... | De Ponti R - Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J (2005) |
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 | Phase angle correlates with n-3 fatty acids and cholesterol in red cells of Nigerian children with sickle... | Figure 4: The relation between the cholesterol content of red cells and phase angle determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis for SCD subjects and controls; 笳, SCD subjects; 笳, controls; p = 0.003, r2 = 0.04.Bottom Line: Cholesterol (normalized to lipid phosphorus) and the proportions of individual fatty acids were correlated with phase angle.The proportions of palmitic (p < 0.001), stearic acid (p = 0.003) and cholesterol (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the red cells... | VanderJagt DJ, Trujillo MR, Bode-Thomas F, et al. - Lipids Health Dis (2003) |
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 | A novel hypoxia-dependent 2-nitroimidazole KIN-841 inhibits tumour-specific angiogenesis by blocking... | fig4: Inhibitory effect of KIN-841 on proliferation of 3LL cells under hypoxia. Cells were treated for 48窶栄 with KIN-841 at the various concentrations indicated under normoxia or hypoxia. aP<0.05 vs controls; bP<0.01 vs controls; cP<0.05 vs normoxia.Bottom Line: On the other hand, blocking a biological function of endothelial cells is known to result in angiogenic inhibition.Moreover, under hypoxia, KIN-841 significantly decreased the excessive production of vascular endothelial cell growth factors induced by 3LL cells... | Shimamura M, Nagasawa H, Ashino H, Yamamoto Y, et al. - Br. J. Cancer (2003) |
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 | Combined forced oscillation and forced expiration measurements in mice for the assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness. | Figure 4: Pressure-dependence of expiratory flow. Mean flow-volume curves from ovalbumin-sensitized and sham-challenged mice (A) and ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice (B) at varying negative pressures. Values are mean ツア standard deviation from groups of 7-9 mice...Bottom Line: We observed significant changes in FOT parameters at either the highest (Ers, H) or the two highest (Rrs, RN, G) MCh concentrations.A dexamethasone-sensitive decrease in the area under the flow-volume curve at the highest MCh concentration was observed in the... | Shalaby KH, Gold LG, Schuessler TF, Martin JG, et al. - Respir. Res. (2010) |
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 | The loci of evolution: how predictable is genetic evolution? | fig02: Cumulative number of coding mutations, cis-regulatory mutations and other types of mutations (gene amplification, gene loss, etc.) that have been identified over time as responsible for phenotypic evolution. Results are from data in Appendix 1. Note that the...Bottom Line: These patterns imply that the simple question "Do coding or cis-regulatory mutations cause more phenotypic evolution?" hides more interesting phenomena.Evolution in different kinds of populations and over different durations may result in selection of different... | Stern DL, Orgogozo V - Evolution (2008) |
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 | Lack of effect of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms on indices of liver steatosis, lipid profile and insulin... | Figure 1: Carriers of APOC3 variant alleles (-482T, -455C or both) were compared with homozygous for the wild-type alleles at both SNPs (-482C and -455T alleles) for glucose and insulin measurements during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The study cohort underwent...Bottom Line: Also each SNP was analysed independently.No significant differences were found in ALT and AST levels and in the lipid profile between the two groups.Insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were similar in the two groups.We did not... | Sentinelli F, Romeo S, Maglio C, Incani M, et al. - Lipids Health Dis (2011) |
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 | Activation of CPP32-like proteases is not sufficient to trigger apoptosis: inhibition of apoptosis by... | Figure 2: Activation of CPP32-like proteases in normal and resistant U937 variants. (A) Normal U937 cells, TNF-selected variants (U9-TR), and NAD-depleted variants (U9-NAD) were exposed to UV light 0.06 J/cm2, incubated for the indicated time, and cytosol extracts...Bottom Line: Cell-permeable peptide inhibitors selective for CPP32-like proteases suppressed AP24 activation and apoptotic death.These findings indicate that CPP32-like activity is one of several upstream signals required for AP24 activation.Furthermore, activation of CPP32-like... | Wright SC, Schellenberger U, Wang H, Kinder DH, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (1997) |
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 | Abnormal features in skeletal muscle from mice lacking mitsugumin29. | Figure 7: Effects of Ca2+ withdrawal on twitches in MG29-deficient skeletal muscle. Twitch tension at 5, 10, and 20 min after Ca2+ removal from the extracellular solution was measured in diaphragm muscles from 8窶9-wk-old mice. Each value normalized to tension under...Bottom Line: In the mutant muscle, apparently normal tetanus tension was observed, whereas twitch tension was significantly reduced.Moreover, the mutant muscle showed faster decrease of twitch tension under Ca(2+)-free conditions.Our results further imply a role of MG29... | Nishi M, Komazaki S, Kurebayashi N, Ogawa Y, et al. - J. Cell Biol. (1999) |
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 | Functional role for Syk tyrosine kinase in natural killer cell-mediated natural cytotoxicity. | Figure 5: Piceatannol pretreatment inhibits NK cell窶 mediated cytotoxicity. NK cells were treated for 15 min at 37ツーC with the indicated concentration of piceatannol, washed, and then incubated for 4 h with either 51Cr-labeled K562 cells or 51Cr-labeled P815 cells...Bottom Line: Pharmacologic evidence has implicated protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in natural killing; however, Lck-deficient, Fyn-deficient, and ZAP-70-deficient mice do not exhibit defects in natural killing despite demonstrable defects in T cell function.Furthermore,... | Brumbaugh KM, Binstadt BA, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, et al. - J. Exp. Med. (1997) |
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![Comparison of the effects of kainate and carbachol. Simultaneous recording of Em and [Mg2+]i. At an [Mg2+]o of 1 mM, the application of 500 μM carbachol and of 100 μM kainate elicited membrane depolarizations of similar size. Application of kainate but not of carbachol caused an additional increase in [Mg2+]i. An increase in [Mg2+]o to 10 mM caused an increase in [Mg2+]i, which was not affected by a further application of carbachol but greatly enhanced by the application of kainate.](/imgs/rescaled137/2229594_200308851f2.png) | Activation of AMPA/kainate receptors but not acetylcholine receptors causes Mg2+ influx into Retzius... | fig2: Comparison of the effects of kainate and carbachol. Simultaneous recording of Em and [Mg2+]i. At an [Mg2+]o of 1 mM, the application of 500 ホシM carbachol and of 100 ホシM kainate elicited membrane depolarizations of similar size. Application of kainate but not...Bottom Line: It was found that: (a) Similar [Mg2+]i increases were evoked by the application of glutamate or aspartate. (b) All kainate-induced effects were inhibited by the glutamatergic antagonist DNQX. (c) The magnitude of the [Mg2+]i increases depended on the extracellular... | Muller A, Gunzel D, Schlue WR - J. Gen. Physiol. (2003) |
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